Interactive installations that truly "respond" often rely on sensors—devices that capture real-world data such as motion, proximity, light, or sound, then feed it to systems that change what is displayed or how they behave. This article introduces common sensor types and how to use them in installations.
Why Sensors Matter
Without sensors, installations often run a single loop or require button presses or touch. With sensors, systems can sense context—is someone approaching? How close? Has sound or light changed?—and respond with visuals, sound, or state changes, making experiences feel alive and personal.
Common Sensor Types
PIR (Passive Infrared) / Motion
Detects heat or movement in an area. Used to trigger displays when someone enters or to trigger events on movement.
Ultrasonic / Proximity
Measures distance with sound waves. Enables "floating hand" selection or control without touch—ideal where hygiene matters or for special effects.
Camera / Computer Vision
Cameras connected to image-analysis software can detect people count, direction, or gestures flexibly, but privacy and lighting must be considered.
Light and Sound
Light sensors (LDR) or microphones can adjust display brightness or trigger sound based on the environment.
Connectivity and Software
Sensors typically send signals to boards such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, then to a computer or server running display software (e.g., TouchDesigner, Resolume, or custom apps). Designing for stable signals and filtering noise is important so responses stay in sync.
Creative Applications
Use sensors to: turn content on or off when someone enters a zone; let audiences control with hand or motion without touch; create effects that change with crowd size or direction; and collect engagement data (e.g., trigger counts) for analysis and improvement.
In Summary
Sensors are at the heart of installations that respond to people and the environment. Choose types that fit your goals and context, design connections and logic clearly, and you will create experiences that feel smooth and memorable.